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GLOSSARY

Optical Carrier (OC-x): This is a base

unit found in the SONET hierarchy; the "x"

represents increments of 51.84 Mbps.

See also SONET.

Optical Fiber: A thin (~125 micrometer)

silica glass cable with an outer cladding

material and a ~ 9 micrometer diameter

inner core with a slightly higher index of

refraction than the cladding. (A typical index

of refraction is 1.443 so that light travels in

a fiber at roughly 2/3 the speed of light in

a vacuum.)

Optical Network: The optical network will

provide all basic network requirements in the

optical layer; namely capacity, scalability,

reliability, survivability, and manageability.

Optical Networking: The natural evolution

of optical transport from a DWDM-based

point-to-point transport technology to a more

dynamic, intelligent networking technology.

Package: A collection of files that make up a

software component.

Packet Forwarding Engine: The

architectural portion of the router that

packets by forwarding them between input

and output interfaces.

Path Attribute: Information about a BGP

route, such as the route origin, AS path,

and next-hop router.

Product Data Unit (PDU): IS-IS packets.

Peer: An immediately adjacent router with

which a protocol relationship has been

established. Also called a neighbor.

Point-to-Point: A connection established

between two specific locations as between

two buildings.

Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM):

A protocol-independent multicast routing

protocol. PIM Sparse Mode routes to

multicast groups that might span wide-area

and interdomain Internets. PIM Dense

Mode is a flood-and-prune protocol.

Preferred Address: On an interface, the

default local address used for packets

sourced by the local router to destinations

on the subnet.

Primary Address: On an interface, the

address used by default as the local address

for broadcast and multicast packets sourced

locally and sent out the interface.

Primary Interface: Router interface that

packets go out when no interface name

is specified and when the destination

address does not imply a particular

outgoing interface.

Remote Authentication Dial-In User

Service (RADIUS): An authentication method

for validating users who attempt to access

the router using Telnet.

Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP):

Resource reservation setup protocol that is

designed to interact with integrated services

on the Internet.

Route Identifier: IP address of the router

from which a BGP or an OSPF packet

originated.

Route Flapping: The situation in which

BGP systems send an excessive number

of updated messages to advertise network

reachability information.

Route Reflection: In BGP, configuring a

group of routers into a cluster and having

one system act as a route reflector,

redistributing routes from outside the

cluster to all routers in the cluster.

Routing Engine: Architectural portion of the

router that handles all the routing protocol

processes, as well as other software

processes that control the router’s interfaces,

a few of the chassis components, system

management, and user access to the router.

Reverse Path Multicasting (RPM):

Routing algorithm used by DVMRP to

forward multicast traffic.

Session Announcement Protocol (SAP):

Used with multicast protocols to handle

session conference announcements.

Shortest-Path-First Algorithm (SPF):

Algorithm used by IS-IS and OSPF to make

routing decisions based on the state of

network links.

Simple Network Management Protocol

(SNMP): Allows you to manage objects

on a network.

Simplex Interface: Interface that assumes

that packets it receives from itself are the

result of a software loopback process. The

interface does not consider these packets

when determining whether the interface

is functional.

Splitter: A device that creates multiple

optical signals from a single optical signal.

Stub Area: In OSPF, an area through which

or into which, AS external advertisements

are not flooded.

Subnet Mask: See destination prefix length.

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH): The

international standard for transmitting digital

information over optical networks. Term used

by ITU to refer to SONET.

Synchronous Optical Network (SONET):

Standards for transmitting digital information

over optical networks.

Tbps, Terabit per second:

(1 trillion bits per second), an information

carrying capacity measure used for

high-speed optical data systems.

Terminal Access Controller Access

Control System Plus (TACACS+):

An authentication method for validating

users who attempt to access the router

using Telnet.

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM): An

electrical (digital) multiplexing technique used

to allow multiple streams of information to

share the same transmission media.

Transmission: The process of sending

information from one point to another

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Type of Service (ToS)

Transit Router: Any intermediate router in

MPLS in the LSP between the ingress and

the egress router.

Unicast: The operation of sending network

traffic from one network node to another

individual network node.

Virtual Path Identifier (VPI): Identifier for

an ATM virtual connection (also called a

logical interface).

Virtual router Redundancy Protocol

(VRRP): On Gigabit Ethernet interfaces,

allows you to configure virtual default routers.

Wide Area Network (WAN): A data

communications facility involving two or

more computers with the computers situated

at different sites. (See also LAN.)

Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM):

A passive device that combines light signals

with different wavelengths on different fibers

onto a single fiber. The wavelength division

demultiplexer performs the reverse function.

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